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机械加工操作的安全注意事项
1 机械的不安全状态引起的伤害
Damage caused by mechanical unsafe condition
1.1设备静止时的危险
Danger when the device is still at rest
机械静止的危险是指设备处于静止状态。它包括以下几种：
The danger of mechanical stillness is that the device is at rest. It includes the following:
1)切削刀具有刀刃。
1) the cutting knife has a blade.
2)设备突出的较长的机械部分，如设备表面上的螺栓、吊钩、手柄等。
2) long mechanical parts, such as bolts, hooks and handles on the surface of the equipment.
3)毛坯、工具、设备边缘锋利飞边和粗糙表面，如未打磨的毛刺、锐角、翘起的铭牌等。
3) blank, tools, edge edge and rough surface, such as unpolished burrs, sharp corners, and raised nameplates.
1.2机械旋转运动的危险
The danger of mechanical rotation
1)它是指人体或衣服卷进旋转机械部位引起的伤害。
1) it refers to the injury caused by the body or clothing that is rolled into the rotating machinery.
2)卷进单独旋转运动机械部件中的危险，如主轴、卡盘、卡盘爪、进给丝杠等单独旋转的机械部件以及各种切削刀具、圆锯、铣磨工具等。
2) in separate rotating mechanical parts of the danger, such as the spindle, chuck, chuck claw, feed screw separate rotating mechanical parts and various cutting tools, circular saw, milling tools, etc.
3)卷进旋转机械部件与直线运动部件间的危险，如皮带与皮带轮、链条与链轮、齿条与齿轮等。
3) the danger between rotating mechanical parts and linear motion parts, such as belt and pulley, chain and sprocket, rack and gear.
4)旋转运动加工件打击或绞轧的危险，如伸出机床的细长加工件。
4) the risk of cracking or twisting, such as a long, elongated piece of an outstretched machine tool.
5)旋转运动件上凸出物的打击、缠绕，如转轴上的键、销铁、定位螺丝、联轴器螺丝等。
5) the percussion of the projecting material on the rotating motion, such as the key on the shaft, the pin iron, the fixing screw, the coupling screw, etc.
6)旋转运动和直线运动引起的复合运动，如凸轮传动机构、连杆和曲轴。
6) the compound motion caused by rotation and linear motion, such as CAM actuator, connecting rod and crankshaft.
7)摇臂的旋转可对人体造成撞击伤害。
7) the rotation of the swing arm can cause damage to the human body.
8)旋转运动的手轮、手柄及设备上其它旋转部位，可对人体造成打击、缠绕伤害。
8) the wheel, handle and other rotating parts of the rotating motion can cause damage to the human body.
1.3机械直线运动的危险
The danger of mechanical linear motion
1)它是指人体被直线运动的机械部位撞击引起的伤害。
1) it refers to the injury caused by the mechanical part of the human body that is moving in a straight line.
2)滑枕直线往复运动，对人身造成的撞击伤害。
2) the movement of the sliding pillow, the impact of the injury on the person.
3)横梁、刀架垂直水平运动，对人身造成的挤压、撞击伤害。
3) beams, the vertical horizontal motion of the tool, the crushing and collision injury of the person.
4)主传动箱、进给箱、工作台等直线运动，对人身造成的撞击伤害。
4) main drive box, feed box, workbench and other straight line motion, to the injury of personal injury.
5)操作平台、工作台等水平垂直运动，对人身造成挤压、撞击伤害，并可造成高处坠落伤害。
The operation platform, the workbench and other horizontal vertical motion, the person causes the extrusion, the collision injury, and can cause the falling injury.
6)带锯、弓锯直线运动及其它直线运动，对人身造成割伤、撞击伤害。
6) with sawing, bow saw straight motion and other linear motion, the person causes cuts and impingement injury.
1.4机械飞出物击伤的危险
The danger of a mechanical flying object
1)飞出的刀具或机械部件，如未夹紧的刀具、卡盘、螺栓、螺帽、销铁、垫板、砂轮片等。
1) flying tools or mechanical parts, such as unclamped knives, plates, bolts, nuts, iron, pads, grinding wheels, etc.
2)飞出的铁屑或工件，如连续排出或粉碎而飞散的切屑等。
A flying iron chip or an artifact, such as a continuous discharge or pulverized chip.
3)飞出的电机三角带、连轴器、弓锯、带锯等，对人身造成割伤、擦伤、刺伤等伤害
3) flying motor triangle, connecting shaft, bow saw, saw, etc., which can cause cutting, bruising, stabbing and so on
1.5机械的不安全状态引起的伤害
The damage caused by the mechanical unsafe condition
1. 防护、保险、信号等装置缺乏或有缺陷
Inadequate or defective devices such as protection, insurance and signal
1)无防护罩，无安全保险装置，无报警装置，无安全标志，无护栏或护栏损坏，设备电气未接地，绝缘不良，无限位装置等。
1) no shield, no safety insurance device, no alarm, no safety sign, there is no fence or barrier damage, electrical grounding, defective insulation, infinite place device, etc.
2)防护不当，防护罩未在适当位置，防护装置调整不当，安全距离不够，电气装置带电部分裸露等。
2) improper protection, not in the proper place, the protective device is not properly adjusted, the safe distance is not enough, the electric device is charged partially bare, etc.
Damage caused by mechanical unsafe condition
1.1设备静止时的危险
Danger when the device is still at rest
机械静止的危险是指设备处于静止状态。它包括以下几种：
The danger of mechanical stillness is that the device is at rest. It includes the following:
1)切削刀具有刀刃。
1) the cutting knife has a blade.
2)设备突出的较长的机械部分，如设备表面上的螺栓、吊钩、手柄等。
2) long mechanical parts, such as bolts, hooks and handles on the surface of the equipment.
3)毛坯、工具、设备边缘锋利飞边和粗糙表面，如未打磨的毛刺、锐角、翘起的铭牌等。
3) blank, tools, edge edge and rough surface, such as unpolished burrs, sharp corners, and raised nameplates.
1.2机械旋转运动的危险
The danger of mechanical rotation
1)它是指人体或衣服卷进旋转机械部位引起的伤害。
1) it refers to the injury caused by the body or clothing that is rolled into the rotating machinery.
2)卷进单独旋转运动机械部件中的危险，如主轴、卡盘、卡盘爪、进给丝杠等单独旋转的机械部件以及各种切削刀具、圆锯、铣磨工具等。
2) in separate rotating mechanical parts of the danger, such as the spindle, chuck, chuck claw, feed screw separate rotating mechanical parts and various cutting tools, circular saw, milling tools, etc.
3)卷进旋转机械部件与直线运动部件间的危险，如皮带与皮带轮、链条与链轮、齿条与齿轮等。
3) the danger between rotating mechanical parts and linear motion parts, such as belt and pulley, chain and sprocket, rack and gear.
4)旋转运动加工件打击或绞轧的危险，如伸出机床的细长加工件。
4) the risk of cracking or twisting, such as a long, elongated piece of an outstretched machine tool.
5)旋转运动件上凸出物的打击、缠绕，如转轴上的键、销铁、定位螺丝、联轴器螺丝等。
5) the percussion of the projecting material on the rotating motion, such as the key on the shaft, the pin iron, the fixing screw, the coupling screw, etc.
6)旋转运动和直线运动引起的复合运动，如凸轮传动机构、连杆和曲轴。
6) the compound motion caused by rotation and linear motion, such as CAM actuator, connecting rod and crankshaft.
7)摇臂的旋转可对人体造成撞击伤害。
7) the rotation of the swing arm can cause damage to the human body.
8)旋转运动的手轮、手柄及设备上其它旋转部位，可对人体造成打击、缠绕伤害。
8) the wheel, handle and other rotating parts of the rotating motion can cause damage to the human body.
1.3机械直线运动的危险
The danger of mechanical linear motion
1)它是指人体被直线运动的机械部位撞击引起的伤害。
1) it refers to the injury caused by the mechanical part of the human body that is moving in a straight line.
2)滑枕直线往复运动，对人身造成的撞击伤害。
2) the movement of the sliding pillow, the impact of the injury on the person.
3)横梁、刀架垂直水平运动，对人身造成的挤压、撞击伤害。
3) beams, the vertical horizontal motion of the tool, the crushing and collision injury of the person.
4)主传动箱、进给箱、工作台等直线运动，对人身造成的撞击伤害。
4) main drive box, feed box, workbench and other straight line motion, to the injury of personal injury.
5)操作平台、工作台等水平垂直运动，对人身造成挤压、撞击伤害，并可造成高处坠落伤害。
The operation platform, the workbench and other horizontal vertical motion, the person causes the extrusion, the collision injury, and can cause the falling injury.
6)带锯、弓锯直线运动及其它直线运动，对人身造成割伤、撞击伤害。
6) with sawing, bow saw straight motion and other linear motion, the person causes cuts and impingement injury.
1.4机械飞出物击伤的危险
The danger of a mechanical flying object
1)飞出的刀具或机械部件，如未夹紧的刀具、卡盘、螺栓、螺帽、销铁、垫板、砂轮片等。
1) flying tools or mechanical parts, such as unclamped knives, plates, bolts, nuts, iron, pads, grinding wheels, etc.
2)飞出的铁屑或工件，如连续排出或粉碎而飞散的切屑等。
A flying iron chip or an artifact, such as a continuous discharge or pulverized chip.
3)飞出的电机三角带、连轴器、弓锯、带锯等，对人身造成割伤、擦伤、刺伤等伤害
3) flying motor triangle, connecting shaft, bow saw, saw, etc., which can cause cutting, bruising, stabbing and so on
1.5机械的不安全状态引起的伤害
The damage caused by the mechanical unsafe condition
1. 防护、保险、信号等装置缺乏或有缺陷
Inadequate or defective devices such as protection, insurance and signal
1)无防护罩，无安全保险装置，无报警装置，无安全标志，无护栏或护栏损坏，设备电气未接地，绝缘不良，无限位装置等。
1) no shield, no safety insurance device, no alarm, no safety sign, there is no fence or barrier damage, electrical grounding, defective insulation, infinite place device, etc.
2)防护不当，防护罩未在适当位置，防护装置调整不当，安全距离不够，电气装置带电部分裸露等。
2) improper protection, not in the proper place, the protective device is not properly adjusted, the safe distance is not enough, the electric device is charged partially bare, etc.
