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如何做好非标机械行业加工件采购？值得收藏!
笔者在国内某机械零件厂工作，也做过采购， 这些是和机械零配件加工商打交道的一些经验，希望能起到一点作用。
I work in a mechanical parts factory, also made a purchase, these are some experience in dealing with machinery spare parts suppliers, hoping to play a role.
一、十个要求
One, ten requirements
1、要会看图纸
1, to see drawings
会看图纸之后，才能根据零件特点分门别类选择性的给适合的供应商下单，不然就会价格交期品质全乱套。
Will look at the drawings, can be arranged according to the characteristics of the part of the selective to suitable supplier orders, otherwise the price delivery quality of the whole mess.
只是简单的看懂，略微懂图纸的尺寸公差，形位公差，材料热处理，技术要求的范围等，这点，采购要具备基础知识，将图纸分类进行采购作业。
Simply understand, slightly understand the size of the drawings tolerance, shape and position tolerance, material heat treatment, the scope of technical requirements, etc., this purchase should have the basic knowledge, the drawings classified procurement operations.
2、会计算材料费用
2, accounting calculation material cost
懂得零件的余量放法及毛坯的计算方法，这点要向老师傅学习和自己积累。
Understand the method of spare parts allowance and blank calculation, this point to the teacher Fu learning and accumulation of their own.
3、会排零件的加工工艺
3, the processing technology of row parts
包括热处理，特种加工的工艺等，不需要多会，只要知道产品大概加工步骤。
Including heat treatment, special processing technology and so on, do not need more meetings, as long as the product is about the processing steps.
4、会估算工时
4. Estimate the working hours
要懂得常用机床性能，常用刀具切削知识。
To understand the performance of common machine tools, commonly used tool cutting knowledge.
5、估价
5, valuation
要了解当前市场机加工常用机床工价，甄师傅会做，但是采购也必须要在不忙的时候去多多学习了解。
To understand the current market, machine tools commonly used wages, Zhen master will do, but procurement must also be busy in the time to learn more about.
6、询价
6, inquiry
有目的的询价，不宜过多2-3家绝对够了，多了是浪费精力和时间。并要现场判定设备状况工人技能管理模式能否达标，需要请研发品质帮助考核。
There is no need to make an inquiry. There are 2-3 absolutely enough. It is a waste of time and energy. And to determine whether the equipment status, workers skills management model can reach the standard, need to please develop quality help assessment.
7、议价
7, bargaining
最好能倾听对方的加工工艺来对自己的估价做出适当的调整，或及时指出对方的不足，一年时间采购人员必须初步具备技术性议价技能。
It is better to listen to each other's processing skills to make proper adjustments to their valuations, or to point out the shortcomings of the other party in a timely manner, and the purchaser must have a technical bargaining skill in a year.
8、下单
8, order
定合同，注意给自己留适当的余地，主要是交期方面。
Pay attention to the contract, and give yourself some leeway, mainly for delivery.
9、及时跟踪
9, timely tracking
做到心中有数。
Know fairly well.
10、扫尾工作
10, outstanding work
对账开票结算申请支付 。
Settle accounts, invoice, settle accounts, apply for payment.
上面要求的10点，不是要现在立即就去做到全部尽善尽美，但是要有这么个思路和概念，慢慢完善。不然，永远都做不好机械行业的采购。
The above 10 points, not to immediately now to do all the acme of perfection, but there must be such ideas and concepts, and gradually improve. Otherwise, the machinery industry will never be able to do the procurement.
二、四点经验之谈
Two, four point wise remark of an experienced person
1、有些机加工厂的技术力量太薄弱,连图纸都很难完全看懂这种一般是外行，看机加工似乎很赚钱然后自己也做，请的所谓师傅是个忽悠，老板被忽悠了自然招不到比忽悠大师技术好的员工。（我们现在的供应商里面，没有这种状况）
Technical force, some 1 machine processing factory is too weak, even drawings are difficult to fully understand the general is a layman, see machine seems to make money and then do their own, please call the master is a fool, the boss was fooled naturally to recruit good technical staff than cheat you. (we don't have this kind of situation in our suppliers now)
2、有些机加工厂设备太简陋,根本不能胜任高精度的加工这种一般是我们这样的农民工兄弟自己攒钱或者几个人凑的钱开的，手艺好，能克服设备精度不足，快速响应能力超强，而且价格不高，做几件，几个品种还行，由于缺乏管理人员，根本保障不了太多品种产品的质量和交期控管。
2, some machining equipment is too simple, it couldn t be used for the high precision machining is generally the way we save ourselves or migrant workers brothers a few people get the money to open the craft, can overcome the lack of precision equipment, rapid response ability, and the price is not high, do a few things, a few varieties are OK, because lack of management, the fundamental guarantee not too many varieties of product quality and delivery control.
3、有些机加工厂的老板好高务远,整天只想接那些批量大，利润高，加工简单的整天梦想着,"机器一响,黄金万两"，其实在这个信息发达竞争激烈的年代，这种梦想很难实现。
3, some machining factory boss ambitious, all want to take those large volume, high profit, simple processing of dreams, "the sound of a machine, huangjinwanliang, in fact, in the fierce competition in the information developed, it's a very difficult dream to achieve.
所以有很多做此梦想的老板们最后只能关门歇业，这种一般是在某个管理不完善的企业，从事技术或者管理工作，看到自己工厂的东西发出去做，价钱很高。
So there are many bosses who do this dream can only close the door, this is generally in a management of imperfect enterprises, engaged in technical or management work, see their own factory things sent out to do, the price is very high.
于是从事机加行业，在那种采购多吃点，加工老板多赚点的情况完穿帮之后，还抱着以前的价格思想不放，便宜了不做，麻烦了不做，迟早就完蛋了。
So in the machine industry, in the procurement of eat, processing more of the end boss after holding goof, thought the price isn't cheap, do not do, do not trouble, sooner or later will be ruined.
这种靠关系吃饭的地方，往往没有什么客户服务意识，无视质量交期。（我们的供应商里面暂时还没有这么恶劣的状况，但是在新供应商开发过程中必须要防范，招待过于隆重的，就要小心遇到这种厂商）。
This kind of relationship depends on the lack of customer service awareness, ignoring the quality of delivery. (our suppliers have not been so bad for a while, but in the new supplier development process must be prevented, entertain too grand, we must be careful to encounter this manufacturer).
4、还有些机加工厂太黑太不规范,对客户是能宰就宰,能蒙就蒙,其实机加工行业确实是有暴利存在的，比如一些大型企业的设备改造费用，不花掉还不行这种状况，因为企业有这笔预算，会分摊在很高的年度产能上面。
4, some machine processing factory too dark and not standardized, for customers to man slaughter, can be blindfold, in fact the machining industry is indeed a huge presence, such as some large enterprises equipment renovation costs, do not spend enough of this situation, because companies have this budget will be assessed in the above the annual production capacity is very high.
我们不行，我们的每一分钱都要算进产品成本里面去的，所以，必须要抠门。这里抠一点那里抠一点，就能降低设备的成本，手稍微一松，这里一点无所谓那也无所谓，产品成本就完蛋。
We can't, so every penny we have to count the cost into the product to go inside, and must be stingy. Cut a little bit here, you can cut down the cost of equipment, hand a little loose, here does not matter, it does not matter, the product cost is finished.
我们是要面向市场销售，有竞争对手的。这种乱喊价的货色其实不是最恶心的我遇到最恶心的就是，东西做的有问题，就那样混在一起。
We want to sell to the market, we have competitors. This kind of shouting is not the most disgusting thing, I encountered the most disgusting thing is that things do have problems, so mixed together.
等你催了无数次要组装等着出货的时候他才慢慢的送过来，你退货，自己的设备装不起来，不退货，只能凑合的装，修了又改。
When you urge countless minor assembly, waiting for the shipment, he slowly sent over, you return, their equipment can not be installed, not returned, can only improvise, repair and change.
你要说扣钱，他知道你要的紧急，还故意要拉走，等结帐时候你说他东西有问题，再扣款，他就有话说了，零件都装成机器卖了，你才说有问题。遇到这样的老油条请慎重打交道。
You want to deduct money, he knows you want the emergency, but also deliberately to take away, and so on when you said he had something wrong, and then chargeback, he had something to say, the parts are installed into the machine sold, you say there is a problem. Meet this operator please carefully deal with.
I work in a mechanical parts factory, also made a purchase, these are some experience in dealing with machinery spare parts suppliers, hoping to play a role.
一、十个要求
One, ten requirements
1、要会看图纸
1, to see drawings
会看图纸之后，才能根据零件特点分门别类选择性的给适合的供应商下单，不然就会价格交期品质全乱套。
Will look at the drawings, can be arranged according to the characteristics of the part of the selective to suitable supplier orders, otherwise the price delivery quality of the whole mess.
只是简单的看懂，略微懂图纸的尺寸公差，形位公差，材料热处理，技术要求的范围等，这点，采购要具备基础知识，将图纸分类进行采购作业。
Simply understand, slightly understand the size of the drawings tolerance, shape and position tolerance, material heat treatment, the scope of technical requirements, etc., this purchase should have the basic knowledge, the drawings classified procurement operations.
2、会计算材料费用
2, accounting calculation material cost
懂得零件的余量放法及毛坯的计算方法，这点要向老师傅学习和自己积累。
Understand the method of spare parts allowance and blank calculation, this point to the teacher Fu learning and accumulation of their own.
3、会排零件的加工工艺
3, the processing technology of row parts
包括热处理，特种加工的工艺等，不需要多会，只要知道产品大概加工步骤。
Including heat treatment, special processing technology and so on, do not need more meetings, as long as the product is about the processing steps.
4、会估算工时
4. Estimate the working hours
要懂得常用机床性能，常用刀具切削知识。
To understand the performance of common machine tools, commonly used tool cutting knowledge.
5、估价
5, valuation
要了解当前市场机加工常用机床工价，甄师傅会做，但是采购也必须要在不忙的时候去多多学习了解。
To understand the current market, machine tools commonly used wages, Zhen master will do, but procurement must also be busy in the time to learn more about.
6、询价
6, inquiry
有目的的询价，不宜过多2-3家绝对够了，多了是浪费精力和时间。并要现场判定设备状况工人技能管理模式能否达标，需要请研发品质帮助考核。
There is no need to make an inquiry. There are 2-3 absolutely enough. It is a waste of time and energy. And to determine whether the equipment status, workers skills management model can reach the standard, need to please develop quality help assessment.
7、议价
7, bargaining
最好能倾听对方的加工工艺来对自己的估价做出适当的调整，或及时指出对方的不足，一年时间采购人员必须初步具备技术性议价技能。
It is better to listen to each other's processing skills to make proper adjustments to their valuations, or to point out the shortcomings of the other party in a timely manner, and the purchaser must have a technical bargaining skill in a year.
8、下单
8, order
定合同，注意给自己留适当的余地，主要是交期方面。
Pay attention to the contract, and give yourself some leeway, mainly for delivery.
9、及时跟踪
9, timely tracking
做到心中有数。
Know fairly well.
10、扫尾工作
10, outstanding work
对账开票结算申请支付 。
Settle accounts, invoice, settle accounts, apply for payment.
上面要求的10点，不是要现在立即就去做到全部尽善尽美，但是要有这么个思路和概念，慢慢完善。不然，永远都做不好机械行业的采购。
The above 10 points, not to immediately now to do all the acme of perfection, but there must be such ideas and concepts, and gradually improve. Otherwise, the machinery industry will never be able to do the procurement.
二、四点经验之谈
Two, four point wise remark of an experienced person
1、有些机加工厂的技术力量太薄弱,连图纸都很难完全看懂这种一般是外行，看机加工似乎很赚钱然后自己也做，请的所谓师傅是个忽悠，老板被忽悠了自然招不到比忽悠大师技术好的员工。（我们现在的供应商里面，没有这种状况）
Technical force, some 1 machine processing factory is too weak, even drawings are difficult to fully understand the general is a layman, see machine seems to make money and then do their own, please call the master is a fool, the boss was fooled naturally to recruit good technical staff than cheat you. (we don't have this kind of situation in our suppliers now)
2、有些机加工厂设备太简陋,根本不能胜任高精度的加工这种一般是我们这样的农民工兄弟自己攒钱或者几个人凑的钱开的，手艺好，能克服设备精度不足，快速响应能力超强，而且价格不高，做几件，几个品种还行，由于缺乏管理人员，根本保障不了太多品种产品的质量和交期控管。
2, some machining equipment is too simple, it couldn t be used for the high precision machining is generally the way we save ourselves or migrant workers brothers a few people get the money to open the craft, can overcome the lack of precision equipment, rapid response ability, and the price is not high, do a few things, a few varieties are OK, because lack of management, the fundamental guarantee not too many varieties of product quality and delivery control.
3、有些机加工厂的老板好高务远,整天只想接那些批量大，利润高，加工简单的整天梦想着,"机器一响,黄金万两"，其实在这个信息发达竞争激烈的年代，这种梦想很难实现。
3, some machining factory boss ambitious, all want to take those large volume, high profit, simple processing of dreams, "the sound of a machine, huangjinwanliang, in fact, in the fierce competition in the information developed, it's a very difficult dream to achieve.
所以有很多做此梦想的老板们最后只能关门歇业，这种一般是在某个管理不完善的企业，从事技术或者管理工作，看到自己工厂的东西发出去做，价钱很高。
So there are many bosses who do this dream can only close the door, this is generally in a management of imperfect enterprises, engaged in technical or management work, see their own factory things sent out to do, the price is very high.
于是从事机加行业，在那种采购多吃点，加工老板多赚点的情况完穿帮之后，还抱着以前的价格思想不放，便宜了不做，麻烦了不做，迟早就完蛋了。
So in the machine industry, in the procurement of eat, processing more of the end boss after holding goof, thought the price isn't cheap, do not do, do not trouble, sooner or later will be ruined.
这种靠关系吃饭的地方，往往没有什么客户服务意识，无视质量交期。（我们的供应商里面暂时还没有这么恶劣的状况，但是在新供应商开发过程中必须要防范，招待过于隆重的，就要小心遇到这种厂商）。
This kind of relationship depends on the lack of customer service awareness, ignoring the quality of delivery. (our suppliers have not been so bad for a while, but in the new supplier development process must be prevented, entertain too grand, we must be careful to encounter this manufacturer).
4、还有些机加工厂太黑太不规范,对客户是能宰就宰,能蒙就蒙,其实机加工行业确实是有暴利存在的，比如一些大型企业的设备改造费用，不花掉还不行这种状况，因为企业有这笔预算，会分摊在很高的年度产能上面。
4, some machine processing factory too dark and not standardized, for customers to man slaughter, can be blindfold, in fact the machining industry is indeed a huge presence, such as some large enterprises equipment renovation costs, do not spend enough of this situation, because companies have this budget will be assessed in the above the annual production capacity is very high.
我们不行，我们的每一分钱都要算进产品成本里面去的，所以，必须要抠门。这里抠一点那里抠一点，就能降低设备的成本，手稍微一松，这里一点无所谓那也无所谓，产品成本就完蛋。
We can't, so every penny we have to count the cost into the product to go inside, and must be stingy. Cut a little bit here, you can cut down the cost of equipment, hand a little loose, here does not matter, it does not matter, the product cost is finished.
我们是要面向市场销售，有竞争对手的。这种乱喊价的货色其实不是最恶心的我遇到最恶心的就是，东西做的有问题，就那样混在一起。
We want to sell to the market, we have competitors. This kind of shouting is not the most disgusting thing, I encountered the most disgusting thing is that things do have problems, so mixed together.
等你催了无数次要组装等着出货的时候他才慢慢的送过来，你退货，自己的设备装不起来，不退货，只能凑合的装，修了又改。
When you urge countless minor assembly, waiting for the shipment, he slowly sent over, you return, their equipment can not be installed, not returned, can only improvise, repair and change.
你要说扣钱，他知道你要的紧急，还故意要拉走，等结帐时候你说他东西有问题，再扣款，他就有话说了，零件都装成机器卖了，你才说有问题。遇到这样的老油条请慎重打交道。
You want to deduct money, he knows you want the emergency, but also deliberately to take away, and so on when you said he had something wrong, and then chargeback, he had something to say, the parts are installed into the machine sold, you say there is a problem. Meet this operator please carefully deal with.
