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精密机械加工基准
1．设计基准 1. Design benchmark 在零件图上用以确定其它点、线、面位置的基准，称为设计基准。如图32-2所[cc2]示的轴套零件，各外圆和内孔的设计基准是零件的轴心线，端面A是端面B、C的设计基准，内孔的轴线是外圆径向跳动的基准。 A benchmark used to determine the location of other points, lines, and surfaces in part diagrams. As shown in figure 32-2 [cc2] in the shaft sleeve parts, the outer circle and inner hole design datum is part of axis, the design of the end face is B, C datum, the axis of the bore is the benchmark external circular radial runout. 2．工艺基准 2. Process benchmark 零件在加工和装配过程中所使用的基准，称为工艺基准。工艺基准按用途不同又分为装配基准、测量基准及定位基准。 The benchmark used in processing and assembly of parts is called process benchmarks. The process benchmark is divided into assembly benchmark, benchmark and positioning reference. （1）装配基准 装配时用以确定零件在部件或产品中的位置的基准，称为装配基准。 (1) the benchmark used to determine the position of parts in parts or products when assembling a reference assembly is called the assembly benchmark. （2）测量基准 用以检验已加工表面的尺寸及位置的基准，称为测量基准。如图32-2中的零件，内孔轴线是检验外圆径向跳动的测量基准；表面A是检验长度L尺寸l和的测量基准。 (2) the benchmark used to check the size and position of the processed surface is called a benchmark. As shown in fig.32-2, the inner hole axis is the measuring reference for the radial pulsation of the outer circle. Surface A is the measure of L and L of length L. （3）定位基准 加工时工件定位所用的基准，称为定位基准。作为定位基准的表面（或线、点），在第一道工序中只能选择未加工的毛坯表面，这种定位表面称粗基准.在以后的各个工序中就可采用已加工表面作为定位基准，这种定位表面称精基准。 (3) the benchmark used for locating the workpiece during the benchmark processing is referred to as the positioning benchmark. As the surface of the locating datum (or line and point), only choice in the first step in the raw surface of the blank, the positioning surface of said crude benchmark. In each process has been machined surface can be adopted as a locating datum, the positioning surface of the said fine benchmark.
