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机械加工基准介绍
基准介绍
Introduction to benchmarks
概念
concept
机械零件是由若干个表面组成的，研究零件表面的相对关系，必须确定一个基准，基准是零件上用来确定其它点、线、面的位置所依据的点、线、面。根据基准的不同功能，基准可分为设计基准和工艺基准两类。
Mechanical parts are made up of several surfaces. To study the relative relationship between Parts'surfaces, a benchmark must be established. The benchmark is the point, line and surface on which the positions of other points, lines and surfaces are determined. According to the different functions of the benchmark, the benchmark can be divided into two categories: design benchmark and process benchmark.
分类
classification
设计基准：在零件图上用以确定其它点、线、面位置的基准，称为设计基准。
Design datum: The datum used to determine the position of other points, lines and planes in part drawings is called design datum.
工艺基准：零件在加工和装配过程中所使用的基准，称为工艺基准。工艺基准按用途不同又分为装配基准、测量基准及定位基准。
Process benchmark: The benchmark used in the processing and assembly of parts is called process benchmark. Process datum can be divided into assembly datum, measurement datum and positioning datum according to different uses.
（1）装配基准：装配时用以确定零件在部件或产品中的位置的基准，称为装配基准。
(1) Assembly datum: The datum used to determine the position of parts in parts or products during assembly is called assembly datum.
（2）测量基准：用以检验已加工表面的尺寸及位置的基准，称为测量基准。
(2) Measurement datum: The datum used to check the size and position of the machined surface is called measurement datum.
（3）定位基准：加工时工件定位所用的基准，称为定位基准。作为定位基准的表面（或线、点），在第一道工序中只能选择未加工的毛坯表面，这种定位表面称粗基准.在以后的各个工序中就可采用已加工表面作为定位基准，这种定位表面称精基准。 [2]
(3) Positioning datum: The datum used to locate the workpiece in processing is called positioning datum. Surface (or line or point) as positioning datum can only be selected as rough surface in the first process. This positioning surface is called rough datum. In each subsequent process, machined surface can be used as positioning datum, and this positioning surface is called precision datum. [2]
Introduction to benchmarks
概念
concept
机械零件是由若干个表面组成的，研究零件表面的相对关系，必须确定一个基准，基准是零件上用来确定其它点、线、面的位置所依据的点、线、面。根据基准的不同功能，基准可分为设计基准和工艺基准两类。
Mechanical parts are made up of several surfaces. To study the relative relationship between Parts'surfaces, a benchmark must be established. The benchmark is the point, line and surface on which the positions of other points, lines and surfaces are determined. According to the different functions of the benchmark, the benchmark can be divided into two categories: design benchmark and process benchmark.
分类
classification
设计基准：在零件图上用以确定其它点、线、面位置的基准，称为设计基准。
Design datum: The datum used to determine the position of other points, lines and planes in part drawings is called design datum.
工艺基准：零件在加工和装配过程中所使用的基准，称为工艺基准。工艺基准按用途不同又分为装配基准、测量基准及定位基准。
Process benchmark: The benchmark used in the processing and assembly of parts is called process benchmark. Process datum can be divided into assembly datum, measurement datum and positioning datum according to different uses.
（1）装配基准：装配时用以确定零件在部件或产品中的位置的基准，称为装配基准。
(1) Assembly datum: The datum used to determine the position of parts in parts or products during assembly is called assembly datum.
（2）测量基准：用以检验已加工表面的尺寸及位置的基准，称为测量基准。
(2) Measurement datum: The datum used to check the size and position of the machined surface is called measurement datum.
（3）定位基准：加工时工件定位所用的基准，称为定位基准。作为定位基准的表面（或线、点），在第一道工序中只能选择未加工的毛坯表面，这种定位表面称粗基准.在以后的各个工序中就可采用已加工表面作为定位基准，这种定位表面称精基准。 [2]
(3) Positioning datum: The datum used to locate the workpiece in processing is called positioning datum. Surface (or line or point) as positioning datum can only be selected as rough surface in the first process. This positioning surface is called rough datum. In each subsequent process, machined surface can be used as positioning datum, and this positioning surface is called precision datum. [2]
