| 如何做好非标机械行业加工件采购？ |
| 添加时间：2018/1/8 18:11:03 浏览次数： |
| 笔者在国内某机械零件厂工作，也做过采购， 这些是和机械零配件加工商打交道的一些经验，希望能起到一点作用。 I work in a mechanical parts factory in China, and I have also made purchasing. These are some experiences in dealing with mechanical parts and parts, and I hope that I can make a difference. 一、十个要求 One, ten requirements 1、要会看图纸 1. You should read the drawing 会看图纸之后，才能根据零件特点分门别类选择性的给适合的供应商下单，不然就会价格交期品质全乱套。 After looking at the drawing, you can separate the appropriate suppliers according to the characteristics of the parts, or the price will be completely disordered. 只是简单的看懂，略微懂图纸的尺寸公差，形位公差，材料热处理，技术要求的范围等，这点，采购要具备基础知识，将图纸分类进行采购作业。 Simply read, slightly understand drawings size tolerance, form tolerance, material, heat treatment, the scope of the technical requirements, such as this, procurement to have the basic knowledge and categorizing drawings procurement operations. 2、会计算材料费用 2. The cost of materials will be calculated 懂得零件的余量放法及毛坯的计算方法，这点要向老师傅学习和自己积累。 Understand the spare parts and the calculation method of the blank, which should learn from the old master and accumulate. 3、会排零件的加工工艺 3. The processing technology of the spare parts 包括热处理，特种加工的工艺等，不需要多会，只要知道产品大概加工步骤。 Including heat treatment, special processing technology and so on, do not need to have many meetings, as long as we know the product general processing steps. 4、会估算工时 4. Estimate the working hours 要懂得常用机床性能，常用刀具切削知识。 To understand common machine tool performance, common tool cutting knowledge. 5、估价 5, valuation 要了解当前市场机加工常用机床工价，甄师傅会做，但是采购也必须要在不忙的时候去多多学习了解。 In order to understand the current market machine tool for the common machine tool price, zhen shifu will do, but the procurement must also be in the time to learn more. 6、询价 6, make an inquiry 有目的的询价，不宜过多2-3家绝对够了，多了是浪费精力和时间。并要现场判定设备状况工人技能管理模式能否达标，需要请研发品质帮助考核。 The inquiry that has a purpose, unfavorable too much 2-3 home is enough absolutely, much is wasted energy and time. It is necessary to determine whether the equipment status workers' skill management model can meet the standards. 7、议价 7, bargaining 最好能倾听对方的加工工艺来对自己的估价做出适当的调整，或及时指出对方的不足，一年时间采购人员必须初步具备技术性议价技能。 It is best to be able to listen to each other's processing techniques to make appropriate adjustments to your valuation, or to point out the shortcomings of the other person in time. The purchasing personnel must have the technical bargaining skills for a year. 8、下单 8, place the order 定合同，注意给自己留适当的余地，主要是交期方面。 Make a contract and pay attention to the appropriate scope, mainly due to the delivery time. 9、及时跟踪 9. Timely tracking 做到心中有数。 Know what you want. 10、扫尾工作 10. Sweep the tail 对账开票结算申请支付 。 Payment of invoice settlement application. 上面要求的10点，不是要现在立即就去做到全部尽善尽美，但是要有这么个思路和概念，慢慢完善。不然，永远都做不好机械行业的采购。 The 10 points above are not to be done right now, but to have such a concept and concept. Otherwise, it would never be good to buy the machinery industry. 二、四点经验之谈 Two, four experience speak 1、有些机加工厂的技术力量太薄弱,连图纸都很难完全看懂这种一般是外行，看机加工似乎很赚钱然后自己也做，请的所谓师傅是个忽悠，老板被忽悠了自然招不到比忽悠大师技术好的员工。（我们现在的供应商里面，没有这种状况） 1, some machine processing factory technical force is too weak, even it is difficult to fully understand the general drawing is a layman, machining seems to make money and then do myself, the so-called master is a fool, please, the boss was lulled into natural fool to find than master good technical staff. (we don't have that in our current supplier.) 2、有些机加工厂设备太简陋,根本不能胜任高精度的加工这种一般是我们这样的农民工兄弟自己攒钱或者几个人凑的钱开的，手艺好，能克服设备精度不足，快速响应能力超强，而且价格不高，做几件，几个品种还行，由于缺乏管理人员，根本保障不了太多品种产品的质量和交期控管。 2, some machine factory equipment is too humble, not qualified for high-precision processing the migrant workers usually we are brothers oneself of money or a few people gather together to open the money, good workmanship, can overcome lack of equipment precision, fast response ability strong, and the price is not high, do a few things, several varieties are ok, because of the lack of management personnel, fundamental guarantee not too many varieties of product quality and delivery control. 3、有些机加工厂的老板好高务远,整天只想接那些批量大，利润高，加工简单的整天梦想着,"机器一响,黄金万两"，其实在这个信息发达竞争激烈的年代，这种梦想很难实现。 3, some machine factory boss good service is far higher, all day just want to pick up the batch is big, high profit, processing simple dream all day, "machine rang, two thousand gold", in fact, in this era of fierce competition in the information developed, this dream difficult to realize. 所以有很多做此梦想的老板们最后只能关门歇业，这种一般是在某个管理不完善的企业，从事技术或者管理工作，看到自己工厂的东西发出去做，价钱很高。 So there are a lot of bosses do this dream finally can only be closed, this is generally in a management is not perfect enterprise, engaged in technical or management work, to see their factory what to do, the price is very high. 于是从事机加行业，在那种采购多吃点，加工老板多赚点的情况完穿帮之后，还抱着以前的价格思想不放，便宜了不做，麻烦了不做，迟早就完蛋了。 So engaged in machining industry, and in that procurement eat more and processing the boss earn points after the goof, still held previously thought, the price of cheap, trouble not to be, sooner or later is finished. 这种靠关系吃饭的地方，往往没有什么客户服务意识，无视质量交期。（我们的供应商里面暂时还没有这么恶劣的状况，但是在新供应商开发过程中必须要防范，招待过于隆重的，就要小心遇到这种厂商）。 This kind of place that depends on the relation to eat, often have no customer service consciousness, ignore quality delivery period. (our supplier is not in such a bad situation for the time being, but it is necessary to guard against the new supplier in the process of development. 4、还有些机加工厂太黑太不规范,对客户是能宰就宰,能蒙就蒙,其实机加工行业确实是有暴利存在的，比如一些大型企业的设备改造费用，不花掉还不行这种状况，因为企业有这笔预算，会分摊在很高的年度产能上面。 4, still have some machine processing plants too black is not standard, the customer is to kill to kill, can be you, actually machining industry is, indeed, there is a huge profits, such as some large enterprises equipment renovation, no cost not yet this kind of condition, because companies have the budget, will share above the annual production capacity of the high. 我们不行，我们的每一分钱都要算进产品成本里面去的，所以，必须要抠门。这里抠一点那里抠一点，就能降低设备的成本，手稍微一松，这里一点无所谓那也无所谓，产品成本就完蛋。 We can't. Every penny we have is going into the cost of our products, so we have to be cheap. It's a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little 我们是要面向市场销售，有竞争对手的。这种乱喊价的货色其实不是最恶心的我遇到最恶心的就是，东西做的有问题，就那样混在一起。 We have to sell to the market and have competitors. It's not the most disgusting thing to say about the price of the goods, but the most disgusting thing I've encountered is that there's a problem with what you're doing, and you're mixing it up. 等你催了无数次要组装等着出货的时候他才慢慢的送过来，你退货，自己的设备装不起来，不退货，只能凑合的装，修了又改。 When you urge countless secondary assembly to wait for the shipment, he slowly sent over, you return goods, your own equipment can not fit, do not return, can only make up, repair and change. 你要说扣钱，他知道你要的紧急，还故意要拉走，等结帐时候你说他东西有问题，再扣款，他就有话说了，零件都装成机器卖了，你才说有问题。遇到这样的老油条请慎重打交道。 To say your buckles money, he know you to the emergency, also mean to away, when check out what you said he has a problem, deductions again, he would have to say, the parts are loaded into the machine and sold it, you just said there was a problem. You should be careful to deal with such an oil strip. |
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